Seminar Article on Cystic Fibrosis

The article is an exhaustive treatise on the feared ailment ‘Cystic Fibrosis’ which happens because of a hereditary imperfection, to a great extent in individuals of Caucasian root, despite the fact that it isn't select for this specific race (3). It incorporates deliberately gathered data about the sickness from past just as the most recent audits accessible at Medline, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library, other than those from Johns Hopkins University in the US.Advertising We will compose a custom basic composing test on Seminar Article on Cystic Fibrosis explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The authentic pervasiveness, restorative intercessions utilized for its treatment, the as of late distinguished components of the malady have been altogether explained upon and the most recent rules for taking care of the ailment have been recommended. The treatise follows a clear, simple to peruse style which is understandable in any event, for a non speciali zed individual, with the exception of specific segments which clarify the hereditary premise of the ailment. The progression of the article is worked in a fitting way by first clarifying the components of the malady, trailed by the most recent symptomatic techniques utilized to distinguish its essence, the indications and clinical signs, the impacts in various organ frameworks of the body lastly adjusted by treatment modalities accessible to deal with its different appearances. The article closes with a look at the most recent undertakings in research on cystic fibrosis. The article be that as it may, has more scholarly than clinical pertinence as it is too intricate to even think about focusing on one specific aspect of the malady. In the presentation, the creator has featured the commitment of examination on cystic fibrosis, which has empowered an individual experiencing this sickness to have a superior future because of the ongoing advances in determination and treatment. The ill ness etiology has been clarified widely with clarifications about the hereditary imperfection which hastens it. The reason for the ailment has been credited because of transformation in the quality that encodes for the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance controller) protein which is communicated in numerous epithelial and platelets (3). The better atomic instruments, transformations and impacts of CFTR are arranged on the primary page with fitting point of interest. As per the creator, CFTR fundamentally works as a chloride channel other than it diverse capacities in the guideline of sodium transportation and ATP channels. Notwithstanding the event of in excess of 1500 changes in the CFTR quality, class II transformation has been distinguished as the most widely recognized in European and North American populaces (3).Advertising Looking for basic composition on wellbeing medication? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn Mo re Manifestations of cystic fibrosis are variable relying on the specific transformation and explicit organ frameworks are influenced in like manner. The varieties are broad to the point that side effects and qualities of the ailment can change, even between kin. Polymorphisms in non-CFTR qualities and quality associations have been proposed as the premise of these varieties. As per the writer, various theories have been recommended for the event of cystic fibrosis, out of which four have been expounded in the article. The primary speculation proposes that loss of restraint of epithelial sodium directs brings about over the top sodium and water reabsorption with the resultant drying out of aviation route surface materials. This outcomes in evaporating of the aviation route mucous layers and the development of plaques which harbor pathogenic microscopic organisms. Another speculation, the high-salt theory recommends that because of the nonappearance of useful CFTR, overabundance sodi um and chloride held in the aviation route surface fluid expands grouping of chloride in periciliary layers which doesn't permit intrinsic anti-toxin particles to work. The third theory proposes a dysregulation of the host provocative reaction is liable for the trademark atomic changes saw in cystic fibrosis. One more speculation proposes an essential inclination to contamination as the primary driver because of the blemished CFTR quality (3). After this careful presentation the creator moves the center onto finding of cystic fibrosis in which examinations are prescribed to be started if the trademark indications are seen in any kid or grown-up. The general side effects incorporate family ancestry of the sickness, salty-tasting skin, clubbing of fingers and toes, hack went with sputum, hypochloraemic metabolic alkalosis and confinement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterium from the aviation route (3). Chloride fixation in sweat is a decent marker for the conclusion of cystic fibrosis. The creator has exhaustively arranged a rundown of illnesses which may give a bogus positive/negative outcome in the perspiration test and consequently are fundamental for making a differential determination. Analysis in newborn children and youngsters can likewise be made by watching trademark signs and side effects just as with the help of atomic science strategies, for example, CFTR transformation location and estimation of immunoreactive trypsinogen in blood spots, especially in babies (3).Advertising We will compose a custom basic composing test on Seminar Article on Cystic Fibrosis explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Clinical indications of the infection have been completely clarified in the accompanying passages which are tended to as per the organ frameworks included. Gastrointestinal indications remember check for the gastrointestinal tract, pancreatic inadequacy, steatorrhoea and summed up lack of healthy sustenance (3). The showed side effects incorpor ate oily stools, tooting, stomach swelling and poor weight gain. Biliary cirrhosis and jaundice are additionally seen at times. The respiratory framework is additionally significantly influenced by cystic fibrosis and appearances are as ceaseless aviation route disease, bronchiectasis, gas catching, hypoxaemia and hypercarbia (3). Trademark bacterial contaminations with explicit life forms are seen in the aspiratory framework which incorporates P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and methycillin safe S. aureus (MRSA) (3). Other than these significant framework contaminations, endocrine unsettling influences are seen in the patients and men especially experience the ill effects of azoospermia prompting fruitlessness. Treatment approaches accessible and suggested have been exhaustively portrayed in the article and incorporate principally the modes utilized to deal with aspiratory disease and improve lung working. Lung work tests include expound methodology and hardware which must be sterile. In addition, a patient in intense respiratory misery will most likely be unable to consent to the requests of such tests which include breathing through hardware for a specific length and with some exertion. Breathed in hypertonic saline, macrolide anti-microbials and calming medications, for example, ibuprofen have especially been suggested. Corticosteroids have been contraindicated in the treatment of cystic fibrosis because of their noticeable reactions which can break down the condition. Anyway in crisis circumstances they may must be turned to relying fair and square of misery being experienced by a patient at a specific second. Aviation route leeway strategies right now accessible have been suggested with the last hotel as lung transplantation in situations where there have been pneumonic intensifications because of this sickness. Upkeep of fitting sustenance is fundamental in patients with cystic fibrosis and supplement use, explicitly pancreatic proteins have been prescribed to help the stomach related procedure. Customary upkeep of BMR (basal metabolic rate) has been recommended for patients with the goal that proper restorative measure can be utilized in an opportune way. The article has extraordinary relevance for Ireland specifically, where the occurrence of Cystic fibrosis is the most noteworthy on the planet (4). The Cystic Fibrosis Registry of Ireland (CFRI) keeps up a library of the considerable number of patients determined to have the illness which has been made online from July, 2002 (2).Advertising Searching for basic composition on wellbeing medication? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Around 30-40 youngsters with the hereditary deformity are conceived in Ireland every year with an extremely poor future (15-25 years) (1). There is in this way a requirement for giving the most fitting treatment at the correct stages in such patients to make their life agreeable. The article covers latest rules for treatment thoroughly which can be received relying on the clinical side effects experienced. The article adjusts with the ebb and flow propels in quality treatment because of the improvement of cutting edge sub-atomic science methods, which may yield some new helpful mediation procedure to deal with this feared sickness. In Ireland, various lacks in the current wellbeing administrations exist which confuse the treatment of cystic fibrosis. These incorporate insufficient staff, absence of just as worse than average physical assets and lacks in arrangement of grown-up administrations (4). These issues should be dealt with properly if any important restorative measures as rec ommended in this examination can be really utilized. Book reference Annual Report, 2007. Web. Thickets F, Over 1,080 Cystic fibrosis cases here. 2004. Web. O’Sullivan BP, Freedman SD. Cystic Fibrosis, Seminar. Lancet 2009 April 28 373;1891-904 Rainey C, Blueprint for The Future. 2005. Web. This basic composition on Seminar Article on Cystic Fibrosis was composed and presented by client Estrella Hardin to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for exploration and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should c

The Dj Essay Essay Example

The Dj Essay Paper The Dj Essay, Research Paper The DJ About fifteen years prior a culture was conceived. In Europe another kind of music was being made. Something new, something new. A music energized by pulsating beats over shaking bass. This is electronic music. The driving force behind this entire cutting-edge culture was and is the DJ. In the previous five years have become increasingly more mainstream regular. A few people who don't know about this music or this culture may contend that being a DJ is certifiably not a genuine calling for different reasons. All through this paper I will refute these ideas. As help I will give the historical backdrop of the DJ, what precisely it is, knowledge from different DJ’s and significantly more. Everything started around fifteen years prior. In towns in Europe individuals began tossing mystery parties, little gatherings all the more a get-together to party and have a ton of fun. At these gatherings there would DJ’s turning early electronic sounds and moving. Not very long after that word began to spread and an ever increasing number of individuals needed to â€Å"party†. So the individuals tossing these gatherings searched out greater spots to host these gatherings that could oblige more individuals. We will compose a custom paper test on The Dj Essay explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on The Dj Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on The Dj Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer It developed so quick that mystery data telephone lines were made to forestall issues with the specialists. Throughout the following barely any years an ever increasing number of individuals developed to adore these gatherings for the music and the general environment. Additionally an ever increasing number of electronic craftsmen began to surface. As well known as these occasions were the fact of the matter is without its DJ none would have been conceivable. In the mid nineties this developing underground development began to shape gradually in the United States and different nations. These gatherings before long assumed the name of â€Å"raves†. In Europe these raves developed continually. Before long there were raves being tossed with five to ten thousand individuals in participation. Before long we began to see not just the development of a music and culture yet in addition another industry. There began to be an ever increasing number of electronic specialists surfacing ordinary. The innovation expanded extremely quick consistently progressively new hardware permitted new inventive limits to be broken. Before long the DJ gradually began to turn out to be a greater amount of the point of convergence of these â€Å"raves†. DJ’s began to be the attractions of these raves rather than only a spot to have a fabulous time. The DJ’s began to make names for themselves alongside this came various styles of DJing. One of the principal styles of electronic music made was house music. This music immediately moved into dance club and raves. Before long a wide range of styles of electronic music were conceived. For example, break beat, drum and bass, hard house, stupor, dynamic daze, huge beat, and upbeat hardcore(www. clubdance. com). DJ’s began to spend significant time in specific kinds of electronic music. Some began to see themselves as DJ’s as well as craftsmen. The music turned out to be progressively about articulation and solidarity. In an ongoing narrative drum and bass craftsman Roni Size says(Better Living Through Circuitry) â€Å" When I step behind the tables at a gathering it’s something other than playing tracks for a gathering of individuals. It’s like my objective to take these individuals to a spot they have not been previously. To make a blend that is so extraordinary and exceptional that takes the crowd and places them all into another spot together. It’s an artistic expression! † As you can see by this announcement these DJ’s pay attention to their employments. Before long DJ’s began to put out many blend cd’s as well as they began creating their own tracks. I believe this was an incredible achievement in this kind of music. In the course of recent years probably the best electronic collections put out have been by DJ’s. DJ’s before long began to go on their own visits, playing scenes that musical crews play at. They were playing at these scenes as well as selling them out simultaneously. Ideal proof of this originates from a book The Ambient Century, â€Å" Dance music detonated into a marvel that appeared to have no closure. As the music transformed, new structures were hurled continuously. Surrounding House and Ambient Techno were mind balming reactions to the power of the club culture. Outing bounce and Drum and Bass were UK dark varieties of what was initially an advancement by dark Americans. Awesome music retained House and Techno, and DJ’s and electronicists started to visit and act like heroes. As one century tipped into another, move music was as yet an essential wellspring of intrigue and innovativeness as Trance, a modern mix of innovation and House and Techno, turned into an outline besting, globe supporting sensation†( Prendergast pg 367). Another extraordinary progressively explicit case of this is Paul Oakenfold as written in Last night a DJ spared my life, â€Å" When Paul Oakenfold plays records in a club, each individual on the move floor will confront him. Much the same as they’d face a musical crew on a phase. There’s very little to see: a baseball top possibly, a productive face inclining toward a couple of earphones, some insignificant arm developments as he slides in another faultless blend. Incidentally he may surrender in energy, grin out in light of an especially amazing track, or offer a wink with some vivacious fan, and when he does, there’ll be an ocean of hands high up, a breakout of waving and smiling, an expanse of grinning artists reflecting all his motions. For he is a superstar†( Brewster pg 384). Alongside these visits came yearly celebrations. Colossal celebrations consistently with at times over a hundred thousand individuals in participation. A portion of these are Love Parade and Gatecrasher( www. loveparade. com)( www. interloper. com). Much the same as any music industry this one before long began having shows. The greatest one is the Winter Music Conference( www. wmcon. com). This typically remembers anyone and everyone for electronic music. A multi day long celebration including a grandstand of the new apparatus and hardware and the best ability in the music performing. In Europe now DJ’s are increasing than heroes. They stroll down the road and individuals run. DJ’s like this are Fatboy Slim, Paul Oakenfold, Carl Cox and John Digweed( www. yippee. com). So since you have a concise foundation on the historical backdrop of DJ’s you may think about what various kinds of occupations are accessible out there for DJ’s. Well most importantly there is the sort of DJing I have been principally concentrating on that is the rave DJ. There are additionally numerous open doors for work nowadays in night clubs everywhere throughout the world. The club business currently is turning into an exceptionally huge industry. Some are stating significantly more with the goal that the times of Studio Fifty-Four. Additionally there are a great deal of occupations as versatile DJ’s. These DJ’s normally work for an organization. These organizations do gatherings, weddings, and a wide range of unique occasions. On a journey I went on the previous summer I met a versatile DJ that works out of Houston. He stated, â€Å"Even however I have a degree in Communications I cannot beat the measure of accessible work and the cash of being a DJ. I can pull in 60,000 to 70,000 per year on the off chance that I buckle down. † This by itself shows how in need the world is of DJ’s. So since you have a smart thought of the historical backdrop of DJ’s and what occupations are accessible you may be thinking about the stuff to be a decent DJ. Well this inquiry all relies upon whom you pose. So I have worked together unique thought of what a decent DJ is. Above all else a decent DJ needs to know the music he is turning. In addition to the fact that he has to realize it like the rear of his hand yet in addition they must have an affection for the music. Without the affection and enthusiasm for this activity then it changes from a work of art to simply playing music. A decent DJ must have information on the group and how to function them into free for all. A wide range of little aptitudes are completely joined together to make an extraordinary DJ. DJ Tony Humphries who has worked expertly since 1977 and has been a significant impact on his friends in New York City, talks from an underground point of view on a decent DJ: â€Å" DJ’s need to comprehend the idea of programming. The most effective method to break a record. The most effective method to play with records, rehash introductions, extend breaks, endings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦There is a workmanship to programming your set†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. The DJ who plays all his most sultry records straight isn't carrying out his responsibility right. You can’t play all your best material at the same time since you need to spare some of it for later at night. The DJ doesn't into that force record a similar way the group does. You should be isolated from the group. You’re expected to be into presenting them to new material. In this way, what you do is play a track, trailed by something new and afterward you back it up with something they know and like. It’s like a train ride. The group becomes reliable that you will return with something they like. It’s the fifteen-minute game. About each third tune, you give them a notable melody. Following 60 minutes, the group has been presented to ten new records. That way, you please yourself and the group. Larry Levan was incredible at this. The most significant thing to recollect is that melodic substance, how you program, is a higher priority than genuine blending aptitudes sometimes†( Fikentscher p38). As should be obvious there are various things that a DJ needs to know. Another perspective on a decent DJ was taken from a book considered Last night a DJ spared my life, â€Å" At its most fundamental DJing is the demonstration of introducing a progression of records for an audience’s delight. So at the least difficult level a DJ is a moderator. This is the thing that radio DJ’s do, they intr

How to Write a University Essay

How to Write a University EssayThere are several tips on how to write an essay on your college application. They range from how to draft the content of the essay to how to structure it. Some of the tips might seem obvious, but most of them require some preparation. Before you begin your writing, make sure that you have a thorough understanding of what is expected of you.One of the first things you need to do when writing a college application essay is to decide on the topic. The topic is usually written in the first paragraph and should be related to the student's major or field of study. It should not be the main focus of the essay, but should show how the student is developing their learning by working in the area of interest. You should think about what it is you want to say, then write a brief outline to help you get started.When you are trying to write an essay on how to write a university essay, your topic might be about something you already know. If this is the case, then mak e sure that you write in a clear, concise way. Let your topic speaks for itself. Avoid long sentences, and try to keep the reader's attention.Another important tip for writing college application essays is to avoid using jargon. Many students will use terms they've learned at school, like 'paper'site', as they write. Avoid having your essay title build on these types of words; rather, write your essay to outline the topic. This will ensure your essay makes sense.Writing a college application requires that you consider the information contained in your application. This means that you should consider everything from your high school transcript to your GPA, as well as anything that came up in your college interview. However, you also need to remember that your essay must be clear and concise. This means no spelling or grammatical errors.The last tip on how to write an essay on how to write a university essay includes the details. Details are crucial for the purpose of creating an attr active essay. Some examples of relevant details include your interests, background, and information about your family. Once you have some examples to share, go over them and make sure you haven't forgotten any of them.When you are writing a college application, your essay might have several parts. The first part of your essay may address your desire to attend college. The second part might include questions about your skills, personal experiences, and/or passions. Finally, the third part could discuss your interests, goals, and/or academic plans.Writing a college application requires you to make connections with your audience. What they see on your transcripts, in your essays, and in the videos of interviews may be helpful to them in deciding whether or not you are right for the school you want to attend. If you want to impress admissions officers, don't be afraid to write an informative, well-written, and well-organized essay. Focus on the quality of your writing, and your educatio n, instead of on how you want to impress them. It can be a daunting task, but if you approach it with some planning, then you can easily succeed.

Social Study Essay Samples - Get the Right Tools For Writing an Essay

Social Study Essay Samples - Get the Right Tools For Writing an EssaySocial study essay samples are a great way to get ideas for writing an essay. If you want to write better, then you will want to find the right tools to help you. While some of these tools can be expensive, many of them are not.By using the right tools you can become a better writer. This is a much easier task to accomplish than you may think. The first thing you need to do is read as many essays as you can, and review them for the correct style.You can find essays from writers that have high quality writing. The best way to learn this is to simply read as many as you can. This will give you the skills to be able to quickly identify the mistakes in their writing. You can also read essays that they themselves had read to gain knowledge of their own style.Once you have identified the errors and style issues, you will then need to go out and purchase the right materials to use in your own writing. There are many differ ent tools that can help you accomplish this. The most basic is probably the computer.You can download the correct examples of essay that were written using the correct material and then review them for your classes. By doing this you will be able to see how the material was used in their own writing. This can also help you find a style of essay that is similar to the style of your own essay.Many people have difficulty studying when they have so much going on in their life. However, by taking advantage of the materials that are available to you will help you become a better writer. Many of the writers that come to you are already familiar with the form of writing that you can use in your own essay.They will be able to help you write your own essay with little difficulty. Many of the writers that are available will guide you step by step as you work on your essay. With this you will be able to write the essay that you will need to be successful in your college career.All of the social study essay samples that you use will help you to be able to write a paper that is really the work of a professional. By taking advantage of the best tools available to you, you will be able to write a better essay for your college career. This is the best way to learn how to write a high quality paper.

Writing an Argument Essay Using Argument Essay Samples For Gre

Writing an Argument Essay Using Argument Essay Samples For GreArgument essays can be written using argument essay samples for free. These types of essays can be taken from different sources and combined to form a unique and original argument. You should be careful when combining two sources for the argument essay because it could easily wind up confusing the reader, leaving them with too many questions that you did not answer.Writing an argument essay is like writing a report that includes your key points. These essays are often used to help students work on their writing skills. Therefore, if you plan on using them in your own writing, make sure that you know exactly what it is that you want to write before you begin.Because most essays require a topic, it is important to choose one that will help you learn about the subject matter. Do not choose the subject you are interested in writing about unless you are very certain that you are going to enjoy writing it. Even though a topic is useful, you should still choose one that is related to your abilities and interests. This will make your writing easier.When you are looking for argument essay samples for gre, you will find a wide variety of choices to choose from. Before you begin writing, you should know the purpose of the essay. Is it to pass an exam or to give a teacher an idea of how you might approach a certain topic?The topics you choose should be based on what you know about writing. If you know that you are a good writer, you will know which topics will be easiest for you to write. You should also have a general idea of the theme of the essay.There are two types of essay samples available, full essay samples and lesson plans. The former is a piece of paper that is designed to teach you what a full essay is.A lesson plan includes a variety of materials to help you create your essay.You should consider all of the topics available for argument essay samples for free. For example, if you are planning on writi ng about politics, you should also find out what would be the best topic to use. If you are going to use a topic that is very personal, make sure that you choose a topic that you know something about.These are the main factors that you need to keep in mind when looking for argument essay samples for free. Do not take a topic that you are unfamiliar with. It will make your writing look messy and may end up confusing the reader.

The legal and ethical implications of abortions and conscientious objection - Free Essay Example

Case Title: Samantha Broughton à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Term 2 Describe the case as concisely as possible. Samantha is a 15 year old school student with a previous history of miscarriage. She is in a sexual relationship with Tom who is 17 years old and has been prescribed oral contraceptives as a method of birth control. After failing to take the contraceptive as directed Samantha discovers she is pregnant. Samantha seeks help and advice from her GP (Dr Hannah Jenkins). At this consultation Samantha indicates to Dr Jenkins that she has discussed the pregnancy with her boyfriend Tom but not with her parents as they would not approve. Samantha tells Dr Jenkins that she knows she can have an abortion without her parentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s knowledge. It is at this point in the consultation that Dr Jenkins informs Samantha that she has a conscientious objection to abortion. She then tells Samantha that if this is her decision then she would have to be referred to a colleague, however, the only other female GP within the practice also has the same conscientious objection. Samantha is th en told the names of external clinics and advised to come back in one weeksà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ time with her mother if possible. Summarize the ethical issue(s) raised by the case. The main ethical issues within the aforementioned case include; medical practioners having a conscientious objection to abortion and requests for abortions in under 16s. Provide a critical discussion of these issues. Ensure the discussion is balanced and relevant. There are few medical procedures as argumentative and politically charged as the termination of pregnancy (BMA, 2014). Abortion is legal in England, Scotland and Wales (E, S W) as long as the provided criteria are met and is governed by the Abortion Act (1987). Unless an abortion is necessary to save a womanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s life, doctors in E, S W have a right of conscientious objection under the aforementioned Abortion Act (Department of Health, 2014). At the same time, patients have the right to receive objective and non-judgemental care (GMC, 2013). GPs are for many the first point of contact for individuals seeking advice and support. In this case Samantha appears to be a capable and competent young women who has sought the help and advice from her GP regarding her current pregnancy. What is less apparent is whether the issues that arose due Samanthaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s consultation with her GP could have had a positive or negative effect on Samantha and her decision to go ahead with either an abortion or to proceed with the pregnancy. The following considerations will be looked at: Dr Jenkins behaviour in relation to General Medical Council (GMC) guidelines on conscientious objection Whether Dr Jenkins conscientious objection had the potential to cause undue stress for Samantha What the legal position on providing an abortion or abortion advice to girls under 16 years are The GMC sets out clear guidelines for doctors who have a conscientious objection to providing particular treatments because of personal beliefs or values (GMC, 2013). Upon Samantha indicating that she was considering an abortion Dr Jenkins did explain that she had a conscientious objection to this procedure and indicated that she would have to be referred to a colleague. Further to this she also indicated that her female colleague within the practice also had a conscientious objection to abortion. Whilst this does follow GMC guidelines Dr Jenkins failed to provide Samantha with enough information to arrange to see another doctor who did not hold the same objection. She advised of the names of several clinics without providing a named individual whom Samantha could speak to or to provide written information regarding these clinics with which Samantha could take away. The level of anxiety and stress that Samantha may have been experiencing during this consultation should also be taken into account and may have affected the spoken information which was retained (Kessels, 2003). Further to this the British Medical Association indicates that it is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“not sufficient to simply tell the patient to seek views elsewhereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (BMA 2013) and as such it may have been more practical for Dr Jenkins to aid Samantha in arranging to see another named doctor. Dr Jenkins also deferred any referral process by asking Samantha to return in a week which could be construed as a further contradiction to the GMC guidelines which state that à ¢Ã ¢â€š ¬Ã…“arrangements should be made without delayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (GMC, 2013). During this consultation there was the potential to cause a level of undue stress to Samantha. She had approached Dr Jenkins for advice and left the consultation with no measures put in place to assist her. Although Dr Jenkins may have not construed her actions as undue stress and may have felt that asking Samantha to come back would allow her additional time to process her decision. Dr Jenkins did note that she appeared to have very limited support but advised Samantha to come back with her mother whom she had already noted would not approve. Whilst it is recognised that a level of support is required both before and after an abortion, Dr Jenkins should have also recognised that support can be given from whoever the patient feels comfortable with (GMC, 2013), giving consideration for both safeguarding issues and family dynamics within a given situation. The GMC sets out guidance for the advice and treatment of an abortion to those aged under 16 years without parental knowledge or consent (GMC, 2013). In the case of Samantha although she has not been provided with all the relevant information regarding an abortion it is reasonable to assume that she would be able to understand the risks and possible side effects of the procedure as she has already been deemed a competent minor (BMA, 2014) by Dr Jenkins. She has also been advised to speak to her parents although it may also be in her best interest to receive advice and treatment without fulfilling this criteria. Regardless of age, minors who can be deemed competent have the right to make choices regarding their health including their sexual health (Department of Health, 2004). Case law has been laid down most notable by Gillick (1986) and most recently by Axon (2006) which strengthens the argument for competent minors to be treated as autonomous individuals. It is important to note that as a doctor you do have the right to have your own personal beliefs as having true integrity is fundamental in your role (BMA, 2014). A doctors beliefs to having a conscientious objection to abortions must not however impact on the medical advice and treatment given to the patient (GMC, 2014). Whilst there is a conscientious objection clause in Section 4 of the Abortion Act (1967) for refusal of participation past case law (Janaway, 1989 and Doogan Wood, 2014) have questioned what the meaning of the words à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“participateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“treatmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  actually mean. The result of the case of Janaway infers that GPs cannot reasonably claim exemption for putting in place any necessary processes or providing advice to women who wish to undergo a termination. With the result from Doogan and Wood inferring that the scope of the word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“treatmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  is defined as direct involvement rather than the broad scope of any involvement. Conscientious objections m ust therefore not impinge upon the reproductive rights of women. Indicate what you would have done/recommend and why. Provide reasons to support your position. From the evidence presented I would not have acted in the same way as Dr Jenkins during this consultation. Although Samantha has been deemed a competent young woman, vulnerability associated with such a young age should always be remembered. I would initially ask her why she would be reluctant to visit a male GP and explain that he would be able to assist her fully regardless of his gender. If she still wished to see a female GP I would regardless of my own personal beliefs speak through all the relevant information regarding abortion including any risks and side effects with her and made sure that she had further information to take away. I would also ensure that Samantha was referred to a named individual who could provide further advice. My conscientious objection to abortion should not stop me from providing information and referral for abortion as I am neither participating nor being directly involved in the termination. I would then explain that as her GP I would be there for all her other healthcare needs. I would have further discussed any other support networks that she may have other than simply parental support and I would have ensured that she left with a plan of where her situation was going and what help we as healthcare professionals could provide her with. By doing this I feel I would have fulfilled the criteria set out by the GMC in relation to both conscientious objections and abortion advice in under 16s. References: Abortion Act 1967. British Medical Association (2014). Expression of doctorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ beliefs https://bma.org.uk/practical-support-at-work/ethics/expressions-of-doctors-beliefs [Accessed 13/2/2015] Department of Health (2004) Best practice guidance for doctors and other health professionals on the provision of advice and treatment to young people under 16 on contraception, sexual and reproductive health, DH, London. Department of Health (2014) Guidance in Relation to the Requirements of the Abortion Act 1967: For all those responsible for commissioning, providing and managing service provision, DH, London. www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/31 3459/20140509_-Abortion_Guidance_Document.pdf [Accessed 13/2/2015] Doogan Wood vs Greater Glasgow and Clyde [2012] General Medical Council (2013). 0-18 yearà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s guidance: Contraception, abortion and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). https://w ww.gmc-uk.org/guidance/ethical_guidance/children_guidance_70_71_contraception.asp [Accessed 13/2/2015] General Medical Council (2013). Conscientious objection. https://www.gmc-uk.org/guidance/ethical_guidance/21177.asp [Accessed 13/2/2015] General Medical Council (2013) Good Medical Practice, GMC, London. General Medical Council (2013). Personal beliefs and medical practice. https://www.gmc-uk.org/ guidance [Accessed 13/2/2015] Gillick v West Norfolk Wisbech Area Health Authority [1986]. Janaway v Salford Health Authority [1989]. Kessels RPC. Patientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s memory for medical information. J R Soc Med 2003; 96 (5): 219-222. R (Axon) v Secretary of State for Health [2006].

John Hopkins OpenCourseWare (Free Online Classes)

John Hopkins University OpenCourseWare Basics: John Hopkins University offers dozens of free health-related courses as a part of its OpenCourseWare collection. Students can use OpenCourseWare material such as syllabi, lecture notes, and reading schedules to study topics such as nutrition and mental health. These are the same materials used in traditional courses offered at the renowned John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.Like other OpenCourseWare initiatives, the courses available through John Hopkins do not provide interaction with instructors and cannot be used to earn college credit. They are designed for self-study. Where to Find John Hopkins OpenCourseWare: All free online classes can be found on the John Hopkins Bloomberg OpenCourseWare website. How to Use John Hopkins OpenCourseWare: Most John Hopkins OpenCourseWare classes contain a brief overview in the lecture notes, not an entire transcript. Since the lecture notes are limited, you may want to consider acquiring the suggested reading materials and following the syllabus to get a more complete understanding of the subject.Most lecture notes and readings must be downloaded to your computer in PDF format. If you don’t have a PDF reader, you may download one from Adobe for no cost. Top Free Online Classes from John Hopkins University: Self-learners have dozens of John Hopkins OpenCourseWare classes to choose from. Popular general interest courses include:Critical Analysis of Popular Diets and Dietary Supplements – An overview of scientifically proven weight-loss strategies preparing learners to analyze diet plans.Environmental Health – A survey of health issues in relation to the environment.Family Planning Policies and Programs – An explanation of family planning issues in developing countries. Students studying these materials study family planning as a human rights issue and learn how programs are implemented in poverty-stricken areas.